Glossary

Link Building Glossary

Every term used in link building, defined in plain language. 245 entries across 11 topics: the foundations, where links come from, partnerships and exchanges, the assets that earn them, outreach, qualification, technical attributes, monitoring, Google's policies, measurement, and the operations side. There is a full A to Z index if you arrived looking for one word.

Two things worth saying up front. Where a metric belongs to a vendor, the entry names the vendor, because Domain Rating and Domain Authority are estimates from Ahrefs and Moz rather than anything Google publishes. And where a term touches Google's spam policies, the entry says what the policy actually states instead of repeating a threshold somebody invented.

Several entries exist to retire an idea rather than teach one. Scholarship links, comment links, and bulk directory submissions all have definitions here, and all of them say plainly that the tactic stopped working.

  • Updated August 18, 2026
  • 245 terms
  • The LinkSwapy team

Index

Every term, A to Z

Search for a term, jump to a letter, or scroll the topics below. Every entry links to its own definition.

32 terms

Link building foundations

The vocabulary everything else is built on. If a term further down the page confuses you, the definition it depends on is usually in here.

Back to the A to Z index
Anchor text

The clickable words a link is wrapped in. It tells readers and search engines what the destination page is about.

In a partner request, the anchor line reveals more about intent than the rest of the email. Someone who says use whatever wording fits your sentence is behaving differently from someone who supplies an exact commercial phrase.

Anchor text distributionAlso called Anchor cloud

The mix of branded, generic, partial match and exact match anchors across a whole backlink profile.

Judged as a pattern rather than link by link. A profile where the same commercial phrase appears across dozens of unrelated sites did not happen by accident, and it is the first thing an auditor pulls.

Branded anchor

Anchor text that is simply the company, product, or site name.

The default shape of a link somebody gave you voluntarily, which is why a profile made almost entirely of keyword anchors reads as arranged rather than earned.

See also Anchor text
Co-citation

Two sites being mentioned together on the same page, whether or not either is linked.

An industry theory about how search engines infer relationships between brands. Treat it as a reason to want mentions alongside your competitors, not as a mechanism anyone can measure.

Exact match anchor

Anchor text that matches the target page's target keyword word for word, such as linking the phrase link exchange software to a page about link exchange software.

One is nothing. The same commercial phrase repeated across a dozen partners is a pattern, and it is the most common self-inflicted footprint in link building.

Follow linkAlso called Dofollow link

An ordinary link with no rel attribute limiting how search engines treat it.

There is no rel="dofollow" in the specification. Follow is simply the default state of a link, and the word only exists because nofollow needed an opposite.

Generic anchor

Anchor text with no descriptive content: click here, read more, this article.

Common in genuine editorial writing, and useless to a reader using a screen reader. Its presence in a profile is a sign of links nobody negotiated.

Naked URL anchor

A link whose anchor text is the URL itself, such as https://example.com.

Off-page SEO

Everything influencing rankings from outside your own site: links, brand mentions, and reputation signals.

Link building is the part of off-page SEO you can actually run as a repeatable process, which is why it absorbs most of the budget.

PageRank

Google's original algorithm for scoring a page by the links pointing at it, weighted by how strong those linking pages are themselves.

The public toolbar score was retired in 2016 and no current number is published. The idea behind it, that a link is a vote whose weight depends on the voter, is still what every third party link metric is trying to approximate.

Partial match anchor

Anchor text containing your target keyword alongside other words, such as this guide to link exchange software.

The most natural looking of the keyword anchors, and the one a careful editor writes without being asked.

Referring domain

A unique website that links to you at least once, however many individual links it sends.

Fifty links from one blog is one referring domain. Domain counts describe reach, link counts describe volume, and confusing the two is how a profile looks stronger on paper than it is.

Referring page

The specific URL a backlink sits on, as opposed to the domain it belongs to.

The unit that actually matters when someone offers you a placement. A strong domain can hand you a link on a page with no traffic, no rankings, and forty other outbound links on it.

29 terms

Link types and sources

Every backlink type worth naming, from editorial citations and digital PR through to directories, profiles, sponsorships and the networks you should stay away from. Several entries exist mainly to say plainly that a familiar tactic no longer works.

Back to the A to Z index
NAP citationAlso called Local citation

A listing of a business name, address and phone number on another site, whether or not it carries a link.

The local SEO equivalent of a mention. Consistency across listings matters more than the link, and duplicate listings with different details do real damage.

Write for us page

A page inviting guest contributions, usually with submission rules attached.

Useful for finding publications that accept contributions, and a warning sign when the rules are mostly about how many links you may include and what they cost.

19 terms

Partnerships and exchanges

How links get arranged between two sites, from a genuine partnership to a straight swap, and the words used to describe each shape.

Back to the A to Z index
Cross-linking partner pageAlso called Partner page, Links page

A page whose job is to hold outbound links to partners.

Fine when the partners are real and a reader would want the list. Google's spam policies name partner pages that exist exclusively for cross-linking, so the test is whether the page would still be there if links counted for nothing.

Digital PR

Earning links by giving journalists and publishers something worth covering: original data, research, expert comment, or a story.

Slower and less predictable than trading links, and the links it produces are the ones that survive a policy update, because somebody chose to give them.

Guest post exchange

Two sites publishing guest articles on each other, each carrying a link home.

It looks more editorial than a straight swap because there is an article around it. It is still a swap, and the same questions about relevance and volume apply.

Guest postingAlso called Guest contribution

Writing an article for another publication, usually with a link back to your own site in the body or the author bio.

Google's policies target guest posts published at scale with keyword-rich links, not the practice itself. A contribution written for that audience by someone who knows the subject is a different thing from a hundred spun articles.

PlacementAlso called Backlink placement, Link placement

A single live link on a specific URL, as distinct from the deal that produced it.

One deal can produce several placements, and a placement outlives the deal. Reports that count deals rather than live placements flatter the work.

Supplier domain

A domain that can supply placements, tracked with its metrics, contact, price if any, and past results.

The unit most teams organize a pipeline around, because the same domain gets considered again for a different client six months later and nobody remembers how the first attempt went.

Three way exchangeAlso called ABC exchange

A links to B, B links to C, and C links back to A, so the direct pair never appears.

It removes the easiest thing in the world to query against a link graph. It does not remove the arrangement, and the footprints that usually give schemes away are the other ones: repeated anchors, matching placement styles, and links going live in step.

Unlinked mention

A reference to your brand, product, or research on another site with no link attached.

Worth monitoring, because the ask is small and the answer is often yes. The writer already chose to mention you.

11 terms

Linkable assets and content

The pages built to be referenced by other people. Most link building is downstream of whether one of these exists.

Back to the A to Z index
Case study

A written account of real work with real numbers attached.

Only publish the ones you can evidence. Invented results are the fastest way to lose the trust the asset was built to earn.

Content refresh

Updating an existing page rather than publishing a new one.

It gives you a genuine reason to contact people who linked to the old version, and it is the most common moment a placement inside somebody else's article quietly gets edited out.

Free tool

A calculator, checker, or generator published free, with no signup, as a reason for other sites to link.

Expensive to build and durable once built. It earns links from people recommending something useful rather than from anyone you had to email.

Glossary page

A page defining the vocabulary of an industry, like this one.

It earns links because writers need somewhere to send a reader who does not know a term, and it ranks for a long tail of what is queries nobody builds a dedicated page for.

Infographic

A visual presentation of data or a process, published for other sites to embed.

Far less effective than it was a decade ago, and still worth doing when the underlying data is yours. The data earns the link, not the layout.

Linkable asset

A page built to be referenced by other people rather than to convert visitors.

The honest test is whether anyone would link to it without being asked. Product pages almost never pass it, which is why link building targets assets and then routes value internally.

Original researchAlso called Data study

A study, survey, or analysis producing numbers nobody else has published.

The most reliable linkable asset there is, because a writer who needs a statistic has to cite whoever produced it. It also keeps earning links years after publication.

Pillar pageAlso called Ultimate guide

A long reference page covering a whole topic, with internal links out to the detail pages under it.

The usual target for a link building campaign, because one strong page can pass value to everything it links to internally.

Skyscraper technique

Finding a page with many backlinks, publishing something better on the same subject, then asking those sites to switch.

It works far less often than it did when it was named, because everyone tried it and editors stopped answering. The useful half is still true: check what already earns links before deciding what to build.

Statistics page

A page collecting figures on a topic, each attributed to its source.

Ranks for statistics queries that writers search on deadline, which is exactly the moment somebody is looking for something to cite. Collecting other people's numbers works. Publishing your own works better.

Template or checklist

A downloadable or copyable resource people use in their own work.

It gets linked because it saves someone an hour, and it gets shared internally at companies you will never email.

26 terms

Outreach and prospecting

Finding sites worth contacting, contacting them, and measuring whether any of it worked.

Back to the A to Z index
Bounce

A message rejected by the receiving server, usually because the address does not exist.

A high bounce rate tells mailbox providers your list was not built carefully, and they respond by filtering everything else you send.

Cold email

An unsolicited first message to someone you have no prior relationship with.

Most link outreach is cold email, which is why relevance, honesty about what you are asking for, and working opt-out handling are not optional extras.

Contact record

The person behind a domain: name, role, email, and the history of what has been sent, agreed, and delivered.

Domains do not reply to emails, people do. Teams that track only domains lose the relationship the moment the person who built it leaves.

See also Link partner
Email compliance

The rules governing unsolicited commercial email, including CAN-SPAM in the United States, GDPR and PECR in Europe, and CASL in Canada.

The common requirements are consistent: identify yourself honestly, do not disguise the subject, give a working way to opt out, and act on it. Global outreach means the strictest rule in your list applies to your process.

Email deliverability

Whether your messages reach an inbox at all, as opposed to a spam folder or a silent block.

Domain reputation, sending volume, and authentication records decide it. No pitch survives failing it, and reply rate is the metric that quietly collapses when it does.

Email finder

A tool that guesses or looks up a contact address for a domain.

Guessed addresses are the main source of bounces, which is the main source of sender reputation damage. Verify before sending rather than after.

Email verification

Checking that an address exists and accepts mail before you send to it.

Follow up

A second or later message to a contact who has not replied.

A large share of placements come from the first follow up. Almost none come from the fifth, and the fifth costs you the contact.

Inbox warm-up

Building a new sending domain's reputation gradually before running real volume through it.

List hygiene

Keeping a prospect list free of duplicates, dead domains, and contacts already handled by someone else on the team.

The specific embarrassment this prevents is two people from the same agency pitching the same editor in the same week.

Merge tag

A placeholder in a template replaced per recipient, such as a first name or site name.

The visible failure mode is a message that arrives with the placeholder still in it. The invisible one is an email that is technically personalized and reads like a form.

Opt-out handlingAlso called Unsubscribe handling

Honoring a request to stop contact, recording it, and making sure no later campaign contacts that address again.

Required by law in most markets you are emailing into, and cheap to build in. Suppression has to live at the account level, not in one campaign, or the next list will undo it.

See also Cold email
Outreach

Contacting site owners, editors, or marketers to propose a link, a contribution, or a partnership.

The volume part of link building, and the part where a process beats talent. Same pitch, same list, different follow up discipline produces very different results.

Outreach sequence

A planned series of messages, usually an opening email and one or two follow ups, with rules for stopping when someone replies or asks you to.

The stop rules matter as much as the messages. A sequence that keeps sending after a reply is the fastest way to lose a relationship you just built.

Outreach template

A reusable message with variables for the parts that change per recipient.

A starting point, not a finished email. Templates keep the structure and the ask consistent; the specifics still have to be written by someone who looked at the site.

Personalization

Writing to what a specific site actually publishes, rather than merging a first name into a template.

The test is whether the email would still make sense if you sent it to a different site. If it would, it is not personalized, it is merged.

Pitch

The ask itself: what you want, what the recipient gets, and why it fits their site.

Most outreach emails fail on the middle part. If the only benefit described is one you receive, the message is a request for a favor from a stranger.

Placement rate

Live placements divided by contacts approached.

The number that survives contact with reality. A campaign can hold a healthy reply rate and still place almost nothing, which usually means the sites were never a fit.

Prospect

A site or contact you have identified as worth approaching but have not worked with yet.

Prospect scoring

Ranking a prospect list before contacting it, so effort goes to the sites most likely to say yes and be worth a yes.

Prospecting

Finding and shortlisting sites worth contacting, before a single message is sent.

Where campaigns are won or lost. A great email to the wrong hundred sites loses to an average email to the right twenty.

Reply rate

Replies received divided by messages delivered, as a percentage.

The first honest read on whether a list and a pitch are working, and the one that moves first when either changes.

Sending domain

The domain your outreach mail is sent from, often a separate one from the main company site.

Separating it protects the primary domain's reputation if a campaign goes badly. It does not make aggressive sending safe, it just moves the damage.

SPF, DKIM and DMARC

The three DNS records that prove your mail really comes from your domain.

Missing or broken records send outreach straight to spam, and they are the first thing to check when reply rates fall off a cliff for no other reason.

Subject line

The one line that decides whether the rest of the email is read.

Descriptive beats clever. Fake reply prefixes and invented previous conversations get opened once and remembered permanently.

See also Reply rate
Suppression list

The record of addresses and domains that must never be contacted again.

It has to live at the account level rather than inside one campaign, or the next list import will quietly undo every opt-out you have honored.

29 terms

Domain qualification and metrics

The checks and scores used to decide whether a domain is worth a link. Most of these numbers come from third party tools, and the entries say which.

Back to the A to Z index
AI content check

Reading a candidate site for signs that its articles were generated in bulk with no human editing.

Google's policies target scaled content abuse rather than AI writing as such. The practical concern for a link buyer is simpler: a site publishing thirty unedited posts a week has no editorial standard for your link to benefit from.

Audience overlap

How much a site's readership resembles the people you want reading about you.

The question a ranking-only mindset skips. A link from a site your buyers genuinely read is worth having even if it were nofollowed.

Authority

The industry's loosest word, used to mean a link metric, a site's reputation, or its standing with readers, depending on who is speaking.

Google publishes no authority score. When somebody says a site has authority, ask which of the three they mean, because a vendor quoting DR and an editor describing a publication are making completely different claims.

Authority Score

Semrush's site strength score, on the same 0 to 100 shape.

Also a third party estimate. Pick one vendor and stay consistent, because switching mid-campaign makes your own reporting look like movement that never happened.

Domain age

How long a domain has been registered.

Not a ranking factor Google has ever endorsed, and still useful in qualification: a domain registered four months ago with a DR of 60 got there in a way worth understanding.

Domain Authority (DA)

Moz's 0 to 100 equivalent of Domain Rating.

Different tool, different link index, different number for the same site. Comparing a DA from one vendor against a DR from another is comparing two guesses at different things.

Domain qualification

Reviewing a proposed domain before agreeing to anything: relevance, traffic, content quality, outbound links, and whether it ranks for anything at all.

The step most often skipped when a metric looks good. A high score on a site nobody reads is a high score on a site nobody reads.

Domain Rating (DR)

Ahrefs' 0 to 100 score estimating the strength of a site's backlink profile.

A third party estimate, not a Google metric, and among the easiest numbers in this industry to inflate. Useful for sorting a list. Not evidence that a site is worth a link.

Editorial review

Whether a publication actually checks what it publishes before it goes live.

The dividing line between a contribution and a placement. A site that will publish anything you send, with any link you want in it, is not offering editorial value, and the link is worth what that standard implies.

Expired domain

A previously registered domain bought after it lapsed, usually for the backlinks it already has.

Sometimes a legitimate rebuild of a real brand. Often the raw material for a private blog network, which is why the archive history is worth checking before you accept a placement.

Follow to nofollow ratio

The share of a profile's links that pass ranking signals against the share that do not.

A profile with no nofollowed links at all is the strange one, since ordinary web activity produces plenty. There is no correct ratio to aim for.

Geographic relevance

Whether a linking site serves the country, region, or language you operate in.

Matters most for local and regional businesses. A batch of links from unrelated foreign language sites is a footprint before it is anything else.

Indexation check

Confirming the page hosting a link is actually in Google's index.

A link on a page that was never indexed does nothing for you. This is a fast check and it disqualifies a surprising share of cheap placements.

See also noindex, Crawl
Media kit

A site's own document describing its audience, traffic, and advertising options.

Useful and self-reported. Compare its traffic claims against a third party estimate before treating any of it as fact.

Metric inflation

Pumping a domain's DR or DA with cheap links so it sells better as a placement.

The single reason a metric alone can never qualify a site. It is why traffic, rankings, and a look at the actual content have to sit alongside the score.

Organic traffic estimate

A tool's projection of monthly search traffic, calculated from the keywords it sees a site ranking for.

Directionally useful and never exact. Its real value in qualification is spotting the site with a strong link score and almost no traffic, which is the pattern worth questioning.

Page Authority (PA)

Moz's page level equivalent of URL Rating.

Placement price

What a site charges to publish a link, whether it is called a fee, a contribution, or an admin charge.

The name on the invoice does not change what it is. If a price exists, rel="sponsored" applies, and the trade is advertising rather than an editorial win.

Referring IPs

The number of distinct IP addresses the sites linking to you are hosted on.

A gap between referring domains and referring IPs means many of those domains share hosting, which is the classic shape of a network rather than an audience.

SERP visibility

Whether a site actually ranks for anything, and for what.

The single most useful qualification signal, because it cannot be bought with links the way a domain score can. A site with no rankings has no audience arriving from search.

Site quality review

Reading a site the way a person would: does the content have an author, a history, and a reason to exist, and does anything on it rank.

Slower than pulling a metric and far harder to fake. Ten minutes of reading settles most qualification calls that a spreadsheet cannot.

Spam score

A third party estimate of how closely a site resembles ones that have been penalized.

A prompt to look closer, not evidence of anything. Plenty of legitimate sites score badly, and plenty of link sellers score clean.

Topical relevanceAlso called Link relevance

Whether the linking page's subject genuinely overlaps yours, judged at the subject level rather than the category level.

A general marketing blog and a link building tool are not the same neighborhood, even though a spreadsheet would file both under marketing. If you have to construct an argument for the fit, there isn't one.

Traffic value

A tool's estimate of what it would cost to buy the same organic traffic through search ads.

A rough proxy for commercial relevance. A site with real traffic value in your market is a site your buyers might actually be reading.

Trust Flow and Citation Flow

Majestic's pair of scores: Citation Flow for link volume, Trust Flow for the quality of the sources behind them.

The ratio between them says more than either number. High citation with low trust is the classic profile of a domain built to sell links.

URL Rating (UR)

Ahrefs' 0 to 100 score for the strength of a single page rather than a whole domain.

More relevant than a domain score when you are being offered a specific page, which you always are.

Wayback check

Looking up a domain's history in a web archive to see what it used to be.

Thirty seconds of work that catches the rebuilt expired domain, the site that was a casino two years ago, and the blog whose archive starts abruptly last spring.

25 terms

Attributes, placement and technical signals

Where a link sits on the page, what markup surrounds it, and what the server says about it. Together these decide whether a live link counts for anything.

Back to the A to Z index
Anchor element

The HTML behind every link: an a tag with an href attribute pointing at a URL.

Anything that is not one of these is not a link, whatever it looks like on screen. Buttons wired up with JavaScript and text with a click handler pass nothing.

Canonical tag

Markup naming the preferred version of a page when several URLs hold similar content.

If your placement sits on a page canonicalized to a different URL, the signals follow the canonical. Worth checking on sites that syndicate or paginate heavily.

Crawl

A search engine or tool fetching a page in order to read its contents and follow its links.

Link monitoring works by re-crawling every known placement on a schedule and comparing what came back against what was there last time.

HTTP status code

The server's response for a URL: 200 for live, 301 or 302 for moved, 404 for not found, 410 for gone, and 5xx for a server error.

The first thing to check when a placement stops reporting. A 5xx often means the site was briefly down, not that your link was removed.

Meta robots nofollow

A page level directive telling search engines not to follow any link on the page.

It applies to every outbound link at once, so a placement can be nofollowed without the link itself carrying an attribute. Checking the link markup alone misses it.

noindex

A directive telling search engines to keep a page out of their index.

A link on a noindexed page is invisible for ranking purposes. It is also one of the quieter ways a live placement stops being worth anything without the link itself changing at all.

Orphan page

A page nothing on its own site links to.

A hard won backlink pointing at an orphan page passes value into a dead end. Fixing that is an afternoon of internal linking, not another campaign.

Redirect (301 and 302)

A server instruction sending a request to a different URL. A 301 is permanent, a 302 is temporary.

Placements end up behind redirect chains after site migrations, and nobody is told. It is one of the more common reasons a link that still exists stops reporting as live.

rel="nofollow"

An attribute on a link telling search engines not to pass ranking signals through it.

Google has treated it as a hint rather than a strict rule since 2019, meaning it may still be considered. A nofollowed link from a publication your buyers read is not worthless, it is just not a ranking play.

rel="ugc"

The attribute marking links inside user generated content, such as comments and forum posts.

robots.txt

The file telling crawlers which parts of a site they may request.

A blocked page can still be indexed, but its content is never read, so any link on it goes unseen. It also blocks link checking tools, which produces false alarms.

Soft 404

A page that returns a 200 response while showing a not found message.

It defeats status code checks entirely: the monitor sees a healthy response and the reader sees nothing. Worth suspecting when a link vanishes from a page that still loads.

Tracking redirect

A link routed through an intermediate URL that records the click before forwarding the visitor.

Common on affiliate links and in some CMS templates. The destination gets the traffic and usually none of the ranking signal, so it is worth knowing which of your placements are wrapped this way.

X-Robots-Tag

The same indexing and following directives delivered in the HTTP response header rather than the HTML.

Invisible in a browser's page source, which makes it the most easily missed reason a placement is doing nothing.

19 terms

Monitoring and link health

What happens to a placement after it goes live, and the terms for each way it can quietly stop being worth what you paid for it.

Back to the A to Z index
Alert

A notification raised when a monitored placement changes state.

The point of monitoring. A dashboard nobody opens is not monitoring, it is archiving.

Anchor drift

An editor changing a link's anchor text after publication.

Sometimes an editorial cleanup, sometimes a deliberate downgrade to a generic phrase. Either way, the link you are reporting on is no longer the link that was agreed.

Bot blocking

A site refusing automated requests, through a firewall, a challenge page, or aggressive rate limiting.

The most common cause of a false positive, and the reason a monitoring tool needs a manual recheck path rather than only an alert.

Deindexed page

A page dropped from the search index while remaining live on the web.

The link is still visible to you and worth nothing for ranking. Only an index check catches it, which is why status code monitoring on its own is not enough.

Dropped domain

A linking domain whose registration lapsed and is no longer resolving, or has been picked up by someone else.

The version worth catching is the second one, where a site you were happy to be linked from is now something else entirely.

Editorial cleanup

A site pruning outbound links during a rewrite or a template change, usually with no ill intent.

The most common way a good placement disappears. Nobody was targeting you, an editor was tidying an old post, and your link was in it.

False positive

A monitoring check reporting a link as lost when it is still there.

Usually caused by bot blocking, rate limiting, JavaScript rendering, or a brief outage. Verify by hand before emailing a partner, because accusing someone of removing a live link costs a relationship.

Monitoring cadence

How often each placement is rechecked.

Weekly is enough for most portfolios. The number that matters is not the frequency, it is how long a removal can sit unnoticed before somebody sees it.

Nofollow flip

A live link quietly gaining a rel="nofollow" or rel="sponsored" attribute some time after publication.

The most common silent downgrade. The link is still there, the page still looks right, and a monitoring check comparing attributes is the only thing that catches it.

Placement history

The record of every state a placement has been in: published, verified, changed, removed, restored.

It is what turns an argument about whether a link was ever live into a timestamp somebody can look at.

Site migration

A partner moving to a new domain, a new CMS, or a new URL structure.

Placements survive it only if the redirects were done properly, which they often were not. A batch of links from one domain going quiet in the same week is almost always this.

24 terms

Google policy and risk

Terms from Google's published spam policies, plus the ones the industry uses for what happens when a pattern is read as manipulation.

Back to the A to Z index
Algorithmic devaluation

Google's systems deciding not to count certain links, with no penalty applied to the site.

No notification, nothing in Search Console, and far more common than a manual action. Rankings simply do not move for links you thought you had.

Core update

A broad change to Google's ranking systems, announced by name and rolled out over weeks.

Not a penalty, and not aimed at links specifically. Sites often blame a link problem for a core update drop, which sends teams disavowing links that were never the issue.

Disavow file

A file uploaded to Google asking it to ignore specific links pointing at your site.

Google's own guidance is that most sites never need it. Realistically it is for links you or someone acting for you built, that cannot be removed, when there is a manual action or an obvious paid pattern in front of you.

Disclosure

Telling readers when content was paid for or when a link earns a commission, as advertising rules in most markets require.

A separate obligation from Google's policies, enforced by regulators such as the FTC rather than by a search engine. A sponsored post needs both the disclosure and the rel attribute.

E-E-A-T

Experience, expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness: the framework in Google's quality rater guidelines for judging content.

Not a ranking factor with a score behind it. It matters here because it describes what a site worth being linked from looks like, which is a better qualification rubric than any metric.

Expired domain abuse

Buying a lapsed domain and repurposing its accumulated authority for unrelated content. Named in Google's spam policies.

Footprint

A repeated pattern that makes an arrangement detectable: identical anchors, matching placement styles, links going live in step, shared hosting, or shared templates.

Schemes are rarely caught one link at a time. They are caught because a hundred links share something no hundred independent editorial decisions would.

Google Search Console

Google's free reporting tool for how a site performs in search, including the links report and the manual actions report.

The only place a manual action ever appears. If nothing is there, whatever went wrong was not a penalty.

See also Manual action
Google Search Essentials

Google's documentation of what it expects from sites, including the spam policies. It replaced the Webmaster Guidelines in 2022.

The primary source for every policy term on this page. Worth reading directly rather than through anyone's summary, this one included.

Manual action

A penalty applied by a human reviewer at Google after judging a site to be in breach of its spam policies.

It appears in Search Console, which is what separates it from a devaluation, and it needs a reconsideration request once the underlying problem is fixed.

Negative SEO

Pointing deliberately bad links at a competitor in the hope of harming their rankings.

Google has said its systems ignore this sort of thing, and in practice most suspected cases turn out to be a core update or a technical problem. Check the boring explanations first.

Penguin

The Google algorithm update, first released in 2012, that targeted link schemes and unnatural link profiles.

Since 2016 it has run as part of the core algorithm in real time, and it devalues links rather than demoting whole sites. Its legacy is that spammy links mostly stop counting instead of triggering a penalty.

Private blog network (PBN)

A set of sites, often built on expired domains, whose reason to exist is to link to a target site.

Google's spam policies never use the term, and cover the arrangement through the bullets it trips instead. The shared hosting, templates, and registration patterns that make a network cheap to run are the same ones that make it detectable.

Reconsideration request

The submission asking Google to review a manual action after the underlying issue has been cleaned up.

It is read by a person, so it needs evidence of what was found, what was changed, and what stopped it happening again.

See also Manual action
Scaled content abuse

Producing pages at volume, by any method, mainly to manipulate rankings rather than to help anyone. Named in Google's spam policies.

The policy is about purpose and scale rather than about how the text was written, which is the part most summaries of it get wrong.

Site reputation abuseAlso called Parasite SEO

Publishing third party content on a strong domain mainly to exploit that domain's ranking signals. Named in Google's spam policies.

This is what the coupon and casino sections bolted onto news sites are. If a placement is offered on a subfolder of a major publication for a suspiciously low price, this is usually what is being sold.

SpamBrain

Google's machine learning based spam detection system.

Google has said it is used to neutralize unnatural links rather than only to penalize the sites involved, which is the mechanism behind most quiet devaluations.

11 terms

Search and measurement basics

The reporting vocabulary link building borrows from the rest of SEO, and the two or three places it gets used dishonestly.

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Baseline

The measurement taken before a campaign starts, that everything after it is compared against.

Recording one takes ten minutes and is the difference between reporting a result and asserting one.

Correlation and causation

The distinction between rankings moving after a campaign and rankings moving because of it.

Core updates, seasonality, competitor changes and site work all land in the same window as your links. Honest reporting names the alternatives rather than claiming the whole movement.

Impressions and clicks

Search Console's count of how often your pages appeared in results and how often someone clicked.

First party data, unlike every estimate a third party tool produces, which makes it the better place to look when a client asks whether anything changed.

Keyword difficulty

A tool's score for how hard it would be to rank for a query, usually derived from the backlinks of the pages already ranking.

It is a link based estimate, which is why it reads as a link building target when it is really a description of the current results page.

Organic traffic

Visitors arriving from unpaid search results.

The outcome most link building is bought to produce, and the number worth putting next to a placement count in any report. A partner site with none of it has an audience that is not arriving from search.

Rank tracking

Monitoring a set of keywords' positions over time.

The most common way link building gets credited or blamed. Track a set of pages rather than a handful of head terms, or a campaign's real effect gets lost in noise.

See also Ranking, Baseline
RankingAlso called Position

Where a page appears in results for a given query.

Personalized, localized, and volatile, so a single reported position is an average of many different results pages rather than a fact.

Referral traffic

Visitors arriving by clicking a link on another site rather than through search.

The forgotten half of a backlink's value, and the only half you can measure directly. A link sending real people is worth keeping whatever its attributes say.

Search volume

An estimate of how many times a query is searched per month.

Estimated from clickstream and ad data, rounded heavily, and often wrong for low volume terms. Useful for comparing two keywords, not for forecasting revenue.

SERP

The search engine results page: the list of results, ads, and features returned for a query.

Share of voice

How much of the total search visibility for a keyword set your site holds against competitors.

More stable than individual rankings, and easier to explain to someone who does not care what position four means.

20 terms

Operations and reporting

Running link building as a repeatable process: pipelines, costs, inventory, and what a client actually sees.

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Anchor plan

A deliberate spread of anchor text across a campaign's placements, decided in advance rather than per email.

Its real job is preventing the pattern nobody sets out to build: the same commercial phrase requested from every partner because each request was written separately.

API integration

Connecting link data to the other systems a team runs on: backlink tools, reporting dashboards, or a client's own stack.

Approval workflow

A required review before a domain is approached or a placement is agreed.

The cheapest control there is. One person checking a list against the qualification rubric prevents most of what a link audit later has to unpick.

Audit trail

The record of who agreed what, when, and on whose instruction.

It matters at exactly one moment: when a client, an auditor, or a new head of SEO asks why a particular link exists. Nobody builds it in time unless the tool does it for them.

Campaign

A defined push with a target, a date range, and a set of domains attached to it.

The unit most reporting is grouped by, and the reason placements need a campaign field from the start rather than after the first client review.

Client conflict

Working on two clients who compete for the same keywords, and the placement decisions that follow.

Agencies hit this constantly and rarely have a rule written down. Decide who gets a shared domain before the situation arrives rather than after.

CSV import

Bringing a list of domains or contacts in from a spreadsheet in one go.

Usually the first step when a team moves off sheets, and the point at which duplicate domains across clients become visible for the first time.

Data export

Getting your placements, contacts, and history out of a tool in a format you own.

Worth checking before you commit a portfolio to any system, including this one. A link inventory you cannot export is a link inventory you are renting.

Duplicate domain check

Catching a domain that is already in the system under another client, campaign, or team member.

Two people from the same agency pitching one editor in a week is the visible cost. Linking two competing clients from the same site is the expensive one.

Pipeline

The stages a domain moves through: prospect, contacted, agreed, published, verified.

Stages are what let you see where a campaign is stuck. Volume at the top with nothing reaching verified is a qualification problem, not an outreach one.

Retainer

A recurring fee for an agreed volume of work or placements per month.

Retainers priced per link push agencies toward whatever is cheapest to acquire, which is usually the riskiest thing on the menu. Worth knowing whichever side of the invoice you are on.

Target pageAlso called Money page

The page a campaign is trying to move: the one links point at, directly or through internal linking.

Pointing everything at a commercial page is the fastest way to build a profile that looks arranged. Most campaigns aim at an asset and route the value internally.

Turnaround time

How long a placement takes from agreement to live, which for partner sites is usually measured in weeks.

The gap is where return links get forgotten. It is also why a monthly report is a poor unit for judging a campaign started three weeks ago.

White label report

A report branded for the agency and its client rather than for the tool that produced it.

Questions

Questions people ask about these terms

What is the difference between a backlink and a referring domain?

A backlink is a single link pointing at your site. A referring domain is a unique website that sends at least one of them. Fifty links from the same blog is fifty backlinks and one referring domain, which is why domain counts describe reach better than link counts do.

What is the difference between a reciprocal link and a link exchange?

A reciprocal link describes direction only: two sites happen to link to each other. A link exchange describes an arrangement, where the second link exists because it was traded for the first. Two relevant sites citing each other independently produce the same shape in a backlink tool as a swap does, which is where most of the confusion on this topic comes from.

Is Domain Rating a Google metric?

No. Domain Rating is Ahrefs' score, Domain Authority is Moz's, and Authority Score is Semrush's. All three are third party estimates built on each vendor's own link index, none of them are used by Google, and all of them can be inflated by buying cheap links at a domain.

What is the difference between nofollow and sponsored?

Both tell search engines not to pass ranking signals. rel="sponsored" specifically marks a link that was paid for or otherwise compensated, and using it is what keeps a paid placement from being a policy violation. rel="nofollow" is the general form, and Google has treated it as a hint rather than a strict rule since 2019.

What counts as a lost link?

Any backlink that used to exist and no longer does. The page may have been deleted, the link stripped during an edit, the site migrated behind a redirect, or the domain dropped entirely. Each of those reads as lost in a report and needs a completely different conversation, which is why diagnosing the cause comes before contacting anyone.

What is a link scheme?

Google's term for link arrangements intended to manipulate rankings. Its spam policies name buying and selling links that pass ranking signals, excessive link exchanges, large scale article campaigns with keyword-rich anchors, and automated link creation. Scale and purpose are what turn ordinary linking into a scheme, not direction.

Do .edu and .gov backlinks carry more weight?

Not because of the domain suffix. Google has said repeatedly that a top level domain gets no special ranking treatment. Those sites tend to be old, heavily linked and difficult to get into, which is where the reputation came from, and it is also why scholarship link tactics built to farm them stopped working.

What is the difference between a manual action and a devaluation?

A manual action is a penalty applied by a human reviewer at Google. It appears in Search Console and needs a reconsideration request once you have fixed the cause. A devaluation is Google's systems quietly deciding not to count certain links, with no notification anywhere. Devaluation is far more common, and it is why rankings can fail to move for links you thought you had.

What counts as a paid link?

Any link exchanged for money, goods, or services, whatever the invoice calls it. Placement fees, admin charges, contributions, gifted product, and sponsored posts all qualify. Paid links are permitted when they carry rel="sponsored" or rel="nofollow". They are a policy violation when they pass ranking signals.

What is the difference between a link insertion and a link exchange?

What gets traded. A link insertion adds your link into an article somebody already published, and it is normally paid for or asked for outright. A link exchange pays for your link with a link back, so no money moves and both sites end up linking to each other. That difference decides which of Google's policies applies: paid links for the first, excessive link exchanges for the second. It also decides the footprint, since an insertion leaves no reciprocal pair on the link graph while an exchange does.

Is a niche edit the same as a link insertion?

Yes. Niche edit, curated link, backlink insertion, and existing content backlink all describe the same thing: a link added into an article that was already live. The names mostly reflect who is selling it. The practice is identical, and so are the questions worth asking about it.

Are paid link insertions against Google's guidelines?

Paying for a link that passes ranking signals is a named violation, whether the article is new or five years old. The age of the page has never been the issue. Qualify the link with rel="sponsored" and it becomes ordinary advertising that Google has no objection to. Leave it as a follow link and it is exactly the arrangement the spam policies describe.

What is a linkable asset?

A page built to be referenced by other people rather than to convert visitors: original research, a statistics page, a free tool, a template, or a reference guide. The test is whether anyone would link to it without being asked. Product and service pages almost never pass it, which is why most campaigns build links to an asset and pass the value on internally.

Put the vocabulary to work

Track every partner, deal, return link and live placement in one place, and know the day one of them changes.